STRUCTURE结构
Typical Valve Construction代表性阀门结构
Quick Change Trim Design快速替换阀芯设计
All KVT Quick Change Trim proves the fastest possible means for inspection and replacement of valve trim. The body need not be removed from the line. No special tools are required. There is no crewed in or welded cage. It is held in place by the bonnet which is attached to the valve body by studs and nuts.
所有KVT快速替换阀芯为阀芯的检查和替换提供最快捷的方式。阀体不需要从管线中移出。不需要特殊的工具。没有螺丝或者焊接架。阀盖将阀芯固定在适当位置，阀盖由螺线和螺母安装在阀体上。
Cage Guiding笼式导向
With few exceptions, KVT trims are cage guided. Cage guiding, is a very durable design that provid exceptional wear life. It provides maximum support and guiding to the plug, thus minimizing trim wear in the most severe of services.
KVT阀芯均为导笼式。导笼式是一种抗磨损的耐用型设计。它为阀栓提供最大保护和导向，因此降低了最恶劣操作环境下的阀芯磨损。
Cage Outside Diameter Fixed笼外部直径的确定
The inside diameter changes for reduced trim. Cage sealing gasket load is applied very close to the body to bonnet seal and nearly in line with the resisting gasket. The bonnet is extremely rigid and does not bend, providing an excellent seal between body and bonnet.
内径随阀芯缩减而改变。笼式附载密封垫片与阀体和阀盖要连接紧密，并且与抗密封垫片保持同一直线。若阀体和阀盖间密封良好，那么阀盖一定要非常硬不能是弯曲。
Gasket are Fully Trapped with Controlled Compression
密封垫用调节压缩进行完全封闭
Minimum deviation from optimum gasket loading is obtained. Bolted load provides necessary gasket stress to seal upstream fluid from downstream. Also, to seal down-stream fluid from atmosphere.
良好的密封载荷可以使偏差达到最低。螺栓负载为来自下游的密封逆流提供必需的垫片应力，同样也为来自大气的下游介质提供必需的密封应力。
Unbalance or seating forces cannot over compress gaskets as all preload is absorbed by metal-to-metal contact between cage and body web and cage and bonnet.
不平衡力或阀座力不能超过压缩垫片，因为所有的预压被笼与阀体连结板和笼与阀盖间的金属间接触所吸收。
Vibration Forces Minimal最小振动力
Close clearances are maintained between plug and cage and between cage and body web core. The plug is well supported in the cage. The plug is well supported in the cage, thus radial forces generated by, the fluid are controlled.
在阀栓与笼间和笼与阀体连结板芯间有小间隙。阀栓被适当的安置在笼中，因此径向力产生，从而控制住液流。
Valve Stem and Plug Connection阀杆与阀栓连接
Valve stem is fastened to plug by a tapered connection. Threads do not absorb compressive load of fluid and operator. A precision taper on both stem and plug threads；wedge them together when assembled. Load is taken on the tapered surface. Protection against unscrewing is provided by pinning the plug an stem together.
阀杆被一个锥形连接固定在阀栓上。螺齿不能分解流体和操作器的压缩负载。阀杆和栓线上精密锥形连接在装配时将阀杆和栓线楔到一起。 锥形表面产生压力。将阀杆和阀栓固定住以防止螺母松动。
Trim Readily changed阀芯（可更换）
The following easy steps are required:需要以下简单的操作步骤：
. Disconnect stem from actuator junction将阀杆从驱动装置连接中分离出来
. Remove bonnet nuts移出阀盖螺母
. Lift off actuator and bonnet卸下驱动装置和阀盖
. Lift out stem and plug提出阀杆和阀栓
. Remove bonnet gasket, cage and seat with trim gaskets移动阀盖密封垫片，笼和带阀芯密封垫片的阀座
. Repair or replace trim items as required and reassemble按要求替换阀芯，进行重新安装

Hi-Fluidic Blowdown Valves大流量排污阀
 
KVT是一家致力于不断改进液流及阀门工程产品理念的公司。
 
KVT压力排放和排污阀又名大流量阀，主要用于连续调节流量的操作。样品有：高压力容器&反应器，高压管道，锅炉给水泵旁路系统的减压设备，高压释放设备（减压），抗腐蚀及高流速蒸汽热量排放压缩设备。KVT大流量阀门的设计和制造使其能够经受住连续减压带来的影响，而这一影响足够造成普通阀门的损坏，因为高速流可以摧毁普通截止阀甚至文式管设计。
 
液流通过位于阀栓和气缸阀座间的环形流体通道时平稳加速，加速到液流达到阀座下游的突然加大空间位置。在此处，流体通道核心的合成压降便引起朝向流体核心的液体迅速扩张。液流能量在这一点上被迅速耗散为蒸汽和液体的涡流。减压过程充分，过饱和及剩余液体过冷却时形成蒸汽，这是液流蒸发的典型过程。
 
KVT大流量阀根据系统要求可以应用在ANSI300# ——ANSI3500#压力级上。截止阀提供尺寸为1”（DN25）和1-1/2”（DN40）标准产品，根据用户要求选择提供2”（DN50）,2-1/2”(DN65)和3”(DN80)产品。KVT为冷凝器或扩容箱的热水排污管道的闪蒸操作提供了专利调节阀。标准大流量阀门的设计将系统操作情况根据不同孔的直径要求进行调节，这些孔的直径根据介质温度和流量而定。大流量阀门的阀体标准结构为形成均匀蒸汽流的角型截止阀，同时也提供线性结构。机械操作装置有手动式，气动式和电动式。对于精密流量调节，可算液体动力FLUENT码被应用在大流量阀芯设计中分析流体路径和估算流体流量压降。大流量阀芯一般为Co-Ni超合金或Cr-N陶瓷表面，以防止由于高压降和高流速引起的腐蚀。Cr-N阀座机构镀漆技术是KVT的技术专利。
 
KVT大流量减压阀是KVT完善的经验和液流知识与阀门专业知识相结合的技术产物。专业的液流调节是KVT的标志。

Steam Conditioning Valves蒸汽调节阀
Steam Pressure (Reducing) and Temperature (Desuperheating) Valves
蒸汽减压降温阀
A steam conditioning valve converts steam from an incoming state (pressure and temperature) to predetermined required outlet state (pressure and temperature). Many industries, such as power plants, pulp and paper, petro-chemical facilities, require steam at a temperature very close to saturation. If the steam is supplied at a temperature too high the product or equipment can be damaged. If the temperature is too low there will be excess water. If the required control is lost, severe damaged to piping and downstream equipment will occur, resulting in expensive maintenance cycles and loss of production.
蒸汽调节阀将入阀状态（压力和温度）下的蒸汽转换为预先所需的出阀状态（压力和温度）。许多工业部门，如动力车间，造纸和石化部门都要求蒸汽达到近饱和温度。如果蒸汽温度过高就会损坏产品及设备；温度过低便会产生过量的水。如果调节失效则会导致管道和下游蒸汽设备严重损坏，以及为维修管道及产品而带来高额费用。
Pressure and Temperature Conditioning Valve (Qualification by Analysis)
压力和温度调节阀（技术指标分析）
Temperature Field Velocity Vector & Path温度场速度矢量及路径
COMBINED PRESSURE REDUCING AND DESUPERHEATING ENSURE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
将减压和降温相结合以确保最大工作性能和稳定性
TURBINE BYPASS VALVES RESIST THERMAL SHOCK AND FATIGUE
涡轮旁路阀防热振动及设备疲劳
HIGH RANGEABILITY DESIGNS MAXIMIZE OUTPUT IN STEAM CONDITIONING
高度的稳定性设计可以确保蒸汽调节的最大输出
APPLICATIONS应用
Main applications – high pressure system主要应用-高压系统
• Pressure control/turbine bypass.压力调节/涡轮旁路
• Controlled pressure build-up in the boiler.调节锅炉中产生的压力
Main applications – low pressure system主要应用——低压系统
• Controlled pressure build-up in the reheater.调节再热器中产生的压力
• Pressure control/bypass of the intermediate and low pressure section of the turbine. This will assist in avoiding release of the safety valves, and consequently helps to prevent large condensate losses.
中等压力调节/旁路和涡轮低压部分。这可以辅助避免安全阀泄放，从而防止大量缩合物流失。
• Protection of the condenser in case of disturbances.在有干扰的情况下保护冷凝器

Electric Actuators电动驱动装置
Electric Actuators电动驱动装置
In many applications, operation of valves may require the use of electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators. Such applications include those where the valve (1) is too large or has too high a differential shut-off pressure for manual operation; (2) is not accessible for manual operation; (3) is part of a system requiring simultaneous opera-tion of many valves; (4) must be triggered from a remote location, as is often essential for emergency shut-off in hazardous areas.
在许多设备中，阀门的操作可能会需要电动，气动或者液压驱动装置。设备中的阀门为以下状况时需要上述三种驱动：1. 由于阀门太大或关闭压差太高而不能进行人工操作。2.操作人员无法接近操作。3.作为系统一部分，要求许多阀门同步操作； 4.必须进行远程控制，对于危险区域的紧急关闭常常是不可缺少的。
We will gladly furnish any type or make of actuator you specify, or make recommen-dations for your particular service condi-tions. All Pacific gate, globe and non-return valves can be supplied with electric, air, gas or hydraulic driven motor actuators or cylinder actuators.
　我们很愿意配置任何类型或根据用户的规定制造驱动装置，或者对于用户特殊的应用条件提供我们的建议。所有美国太平洋闸阀、截止阀和止逆阀(单向阀)都可以配置电动、气动或液动马达执行机构或缸体驱动装置。
Motor Actuators动力驱动装置
Motor actuators for rising stem valves can be powered by air, gas, hydraulic or electric power. The most common method of actuation is the electric motor actuator, as it is generally the most cost effective.
可以用空气，燃气，液压或电力为升降阀杆提供动力。最常见的驱动方法为电动驱动，因为一般情况下，这是一种性价比最高的方法。
Electric motor actuated vaIves can be provided to meet the broadest range of requirements including operating cycle time, use of integral or remote controls, starters and indicators, and a wide range of power sources. They are less readily adaptable to fail-safe operation than cylinder
actuators because they generally require more stored energy.
　电动驱动阀门能够满足广泛的需求，包括操作循环时间，整体或远程控制，启动器和指示器，以及容易得到的电源。这种驱动装置与缸体驱动装置相比，比较不适用于故障安全操作，因为电动驱动装置通常需要更多的储备能源。
Air motor actuators are often specified in very hazardous locations where electric power is not available or permitted. The major disadvantage of this type of actuator is air consumption, particularly when applied to large valves. The combination of high gear ratio and long stroke can drain an entire air system unless the air supply system is specially designed to accommodate this type of actuator. Like electric motor actuators, these are not readily adaptable for a fail-safe mode.
气动驱动装置通常用于很危险的区域，在那种地方没有电源或者不允许电源存在。这种类型驱动装置的主要缺点是气源消耗，特别是使用在大通径阀门。除非气源供应系统是经过特殊配置，以满足这种类型执行机构的要求，否则高齿轮传速比和长冲程的组合可能会耗尽整个气源系统。和电动驱动装置相同，这种驱动装置也不适用于故障安全模式。
Information Required to Quote Motor Actuators动力驱动装置报价所需要的资料
1. Valve size, figure number or description.阀门通径，型号和规格说明
2. Valve operating conditions (pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid).
阀门操作条件（压力，温度，流量和流体介质）
3. Maximum differential (shut-off) pressure.最大（关闭）压差
4. Primary power supply:主要能源供应
a) electric-voltage, phase cycles,电压，相数频率
b) gas or hydraulic-fluid, available flow rate, maximum and minimum pressure.
气体或者液体，可供的流率，最大和最小压力
5. Control voltage.控制电压
6. Valve stem position.阀杆位置
7. Closing time and frequency.关闭时间及频率
8. Required construction (NEMA, etc.) or local environment.
所要求的结构（NEMA等）或者当地环境
9. Auxiliary equipment:辅助设备
a) push-button stations,按钮板
b) reversing controllers,可逆控制器
c) position indicators,位置指示器
d) other (i.e., stem covers, etc.)其他（例如：阀杆套等）
10. Special requirements (i.e., radiation, seismic, etc.)特殊要求（例如：辐射，地震等）
11. Preference for specific manufacturer, if any.对专业制造商有优惠。

第二部分P18开始
KVT Parallel Slide Gate Valves
KVT平行滑动闸阀
􀂆 Two piece Parallel Discs Gate
双平行阀板闸阀
􀂆 SPL(Spring Pack Loaded弹簧加压) Sliding Discs & Arrangements 
SPL滑动阀板及安装
􀂆 Flow Throttle-ability Seat Ring Design(Downstream)流量调节阀座设计（下游）
􀂆 Advantages of Sliding Seating滑动阀座优点
􀂆 Stellite Hardfacing & Super Ceramic(CrN) Coating Disc
斯特莱特钨铬钴合金表面&超陶瓷（CrN）镀漆阀板
􀂆 Back Seating & Pressure Sealed Bonnet Design上密封&压力密封阀盖设计
􀂆 Design consideration for in-line Maintenance
在线维护设计理念
􀂆 Positive Flexibility Seating under irregular Thermal Expansion(Structural Discontinuity in Valve Body)
不规则热扩散下，阀座韧性良好（阀体内结的不连续性）
􀂆 Qualified by CE-PED, Testing & References
CE-PED，测试&推荐认证

Coil Spring螺旋弹簧
KVT
SPL Disc弹簧加压阀板
Spring 弹簧
Old Fashion旧式
Less Flatness – Possible tilted seating
不平—阀座容易翻转
• Less Precise Stiffness Spring弹簧韧性低
– no good for low pressure service—对低压操作不利
• Longer length than Disc spring 比阀板弹簧长
– Thick disc trim厚阀板阀芯
• Hard to control the Spring Stiffness
不易控制弹簧韧性
• Hard to alignment for two separated disc
不易匹配两个独立阀板
New Fashion新式
• Fine Flatness平坦
• Most Precise Stiffness Spring弹簧韧性良好
• Easy to control the Spring Stiffness
容易控制弹簧韧性
• Can be assembled with multi-Spring Pack
可装配多弹簧组件
• Maintain leak tight seating even sliding
维护渗漏密封阀座及滑动

Design Features – Two Piece Parallel Discs Gate设计特点—双平行滑动阀板闸阀
• The two identical parallel discs are separate, independent and constantly loaded by high spring rated disc springs, allowing maximum freedom for each to adjust to any angular distortion of the body seats.
两个完全相同的平行阀板是分离，独立的，要经常承受高弹簧比率阀板弹簧的施压，并且每个阀板都可以根据主体阀座任意角度的扭曲进行自由调节。
• Design with independent discs, wide flat seats(at least 2.5~3 times than wedge type), variable numbers of spring pack to be allowed proper sealing forces and sharp shaped edge on the discs.独立阀板，宽广阀座（至少为楔式的2.5-3倍），多种弹簧组件能够承受适当密封力，阀板边缘为刀刃状设计。
• SPL two piece gate design minimizes the overall seat-to-seat dimension of the gate trim assembly due to eliminating the wedge forcing effects in the gate.
SPL双片闸设计可以减小由于减弱在闸阀中楔力影响而产生的闸阀芯的整套阀座间接触面。
• Provides tighter and more dependable sealing under power station pressure & temperature service condition compare wedge gate valves.
与楔形闸阀比较，在发电站压力及温度调节操作条件下可以提供更可靠和紧密的密封。
• Provides freedom from sticking and binding result from thermal effects associated with wedge gate valves.
同楔形闸阀比较，不易受热效应产生的粘性和封闭性的影响。
• Provides minimizing the effects of minor damager to the surface as sealing occurs over the entire seating surfaces.
降低由于对整个阀座表面密封而产生的表面损坏的影响。
• Provides higher flow capacity for given seat port diameter by reducing flow interruption and resulting turbulence in the gap wedge and seat ring( ζ value – 4 times more lower than wedge gate).
通过减小流体的干扰及在凹楔和阀座中引起不稳定流体，可以使阀座出口处有更大的流量。（ζ值比楔形闸阀低４倍）

楔形闸
• Narrow Seating Area(High Contacting Stress)
阀座区域窄（接触区压力大）
• Stiff for Thermal Flexibility of Disc阀板的热韧性差
• Stem Forcing – Torque to Compress to Seat
阀杆作用力—扭矩压缩阀座
• Torque to Seating – Transient Wedging Effets
阀座扭矩—瞬变楔形效应
• Normally Damage on lower wedge edge
低楔形边缘经常损坏
平行滑动阀
• Wide Seating Area(lower Contacting Stress)
阀座面积大（接触压力小）
• Flexible in Thermal Expansion in Valve Body
阀体热扩张灵活
• Stem Forcing – Thrust to Slide阀杆施加压力—推动滑动
• Torque to Seating – Stable & Smooth阀座扭矩—稳定&光滑
• Longer Life Time of Discs & Seats Surfaces
阀板&阀座表面寿命长

Wedge楔形
Seat Ring阀座环
Easy to trap the impurity particle at near closing
接近关闭时容易积留杂质微粒
Easy to fail the leak tight structure due to high wedging effects
由于高楔形效应容易导致密封结构失效
PSGV Flow Throttling Control
PSGV流量调节阀
• V-Port Design (Downstream port)
V形出口设计（下游出口）
• Linear / =% Flow Characteristics Possible
线形/=%合理的流量特性曲线
• Much Higher Flow Capacity(Cv) values
大流量阀门（Cv）
• Can achieve Leakage Class VI
渗漏量可以达到VI等级
• Photos – for Blow Down Control照片—排放调节用
Hi-Fluidic PSGV Control Valve大流量PSGV调节阀
Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst.
韩国原子能研究所
2”x2500#RTJ, CF8M
It is the best control valve to maintain leakage class V
维持V等级渗漏量的最佳调节阀

Design Features – Arrangement of Spring Pack
设计特点—弹簧组件安装

Guides & holds the discs by pin and Spring (For 24” & bigger sizes, install spring pack)
用栓轴和弹簧引导,固定阀板（为24”及更大尺寸，安装弹簧组件）
Variable numbers of Spring pack per Size
每种尺寸都有多个弹簧组件
Arrange. of Spring Cartridge in Disc阀板中弹簧管的安装
upto 1.5”(DN40) 1Ea(*1)
高达1.5” (DN40) 1Ea(*1)
2.0”(DN50)-4”(DN100) 1Ea(*2
5”(DN125)-8”(DN200) 3-4Ea
10”(DN250)-32”(DN800) 6-16Ea
*1 : Smaller Size Disc Springs小型号阀板弹簧
*2 : larger Size Disc Springs大型号阀板弹簧

Design Features – Two Piece Parallel Discs Gate & Discs guide
设计特点—双片平行阀板闸阀&阀板导向
• Disc holder in the two piece gate design is threaded into stem →larger than DN 65 and all sizes of power operated. (Disc & stem precisely assembled into seat rings)
双片闸设计上的阀杆穿进阀板套→比DN65和动力操作的所有尺寸大。（阀板&阀杆精确的安置进阀座环）
• Disc holder grips two SPL discs and pinned → DN 50 and smaller size in manual valves.
阀板套扣住并订住两个SPL阀板→DN50，手动阀门上尺寸较小
• SPL PSGV is fully guided through out its travel in sliding seat. Travel stop is on back seat in open position and is on yoke stop in full closed position.
SPL PSGV在滑动阀座的行程中有全程引导。在开启状态下行程限位是在上密封，在全闭合状态下行程限位是在支架制动。
• Disc holder design relatively high reduces the overall height of the valve body and reducing the valve weight →Compact & art design of Hi-Fluidic PSGV.
相对较高的阀板套设计可以减低阀体总体高度并且降低阀门重量→大流量PSGV的严密及艺术性设计
• Wide flat seat is smoothly guided in the full travel without departing from seat ring in full open position. In wedge gate valve, the wedge must have positioning guides on its sides to keep it in line while closing under full flow condition. These guides are usually made of any hard material, and tend to wear, and eventually may cause jamming. As discs are guided only by its full Stellited* and fine lapping sealing surface, SPL PSGV never occurs such as jamming even horizontal installation the valve in vertical piping.
宽平阀座有全程引导器，在完全开启状态下无需离开阀座。在楔形闸阀中，楔形闸阀必须在其侧面有位置引导器以确保其在大流量情况下闭合时，还在一条直线上。这些引导器通常由硬性材料制成，容易磨损并最终导致堵塞。因为SPL PSGV阀板全部由斯特莱特引导并且周边密封表面良好，所以即使在垂直管道中的进行阀门危险安装也不会出现堵塞。

KVT offer a reliable control solutions to maintain the zero leaks of the control valves.
KVT为维护调节阀的零渗漏提供可靠的解决方案
We had referenced these PSGV control valves to be main feed water minimum flow control function (ΔP=140bar) in POSCOs’ 100MW class thermal power plants.
我们已经注明PSGV调节阀在POSCOs’ 100MW等级热能设备上具有主供水最低流量控制功能（P=140巴）。
Operation for all the valves are perfect and never leaks in the valve seat.
所有阀门操作功能完善，在阀座处不会有渗漏。

Design Features – Brief Outlines the PSGV
设计特点—PSGV概要
• Full compliance with ASME B16.34 design requirement
完全符合B16.34设计要求
• State of art design (aesthetics design)
艺术设计说明（美学设计）
• Structural integrity for pressure retaining parts – Body, Bonnet, Bolts
压力维持部分的结构完整—阀体，阀盖，螺栓
• TSSA approval design of Canada BV&P加拿大BC&P TSSA 认可设计
• Very easy disassembly structure : No welding
结构分解简易：无焊接
• Low torque & smooth operation
小扭矩&易操作
• Provision of bypass piping & pressure relieving device
提供旁路管&压力释放装置
Design Features – Spring Pack Loaded(SPL) Parallel Slide Disc, Sliding Sealing
设计特点—弹簧组件（SPL）平行滑动阀板，滑动密封
• Sealing is obtained by sliding, not by compression according to wedging effects.
通过滑动而不是根据楔形效应进行压缩而进行密封
• No need for final surge of torque to make the seating leak tight.
不需要最后扭转压力波动防止阀座渗漏。
• No additional power is required for the first effort in unseating the discs. Unseating torque for SPL PSGV are ten times more lower than a wedge gate.
第一次开阀无需额外动力。SPL PSGV 开启阀板的扭矩比楔形闸阀小10倍。
• Actuator size can be much smaller (at least 1~2 size) than for the wedge gate.
驱动装置尺寸比楔形闸阀小很多（至少1-2个尺寸）
• Achieving smaller stem diameter brings much reliable packing sealing results & long life.
阀杆直径小，密封性更好，使用寿命更长。
• Denting local stress & fatigue on the seating surface due to impurities are much less on SPL PSGV, which results in longer lifetime and reliable leak tight.
SPL PSGV中的杂质较少，降低阀座表面局部压力及疲劳度，同时延长使用时间和增加渗漏的严密性。
Wedging Effects楔形影响
(Compression)压缩
Sliding滑动
(Only Friction Force)仅有摩擦力

Design Features – Spring Pack Loaded(SPL) Parallel Slide Disc, Sliding Sealing
设计特点—SPL平行滑动阀板，滑动密封
• No tendency to mark, notch, local strain hardening, or indents the sealing surface due to cumulate impurities on seating surfaces → better tightness &
longer maintenance free lifetime.
不会由于阀座表面的一些杂质而导致密封表面出现印记，刻痕，局部变形或凹痕
• The exact position of the stem is not critical when the valve is closed. As a result, there are no problems with differences in thermal expansion coefficient of material. Also the motor actuators can be stopped with general position switches.
当阀门关闭时，阀杆的位置不是非常重要。因此不会因为材料扩张系数不同而产生问题。动力驱动装置可以用普通开关关闭。
• Sealing is obtained by sliding, not by compression according to wedging effects.
通过滑动，而不是同楔形闸阀一样通过的压缩进行密封
Tilt-able & Rotate-able可翻转&旋转
Laterally Flexible灵活
 Sliding Up/Downward可上下滑动，

Design Features – Stellite Hardfacing & Super Ceramic Coating
设计特点—斯特莱特硬化表面&超陶瓷镀漆
Stellite Hardfacing by weld deposit
焊接涂层为斯特莱斯硬化表面
• Disc 阀板: Stellite #6 (AWS R CoCr-B)
Hardness HRc 39~43硬度
1.15C, 27.75Cr, 4.5W
• Seat Ring 阀座环: Stellite #12(AWS R CoCr-A)
Hardness HRc 47~51
1.40C, 39.50Cr, 8.25W
• CrN Ceramic Coating ( Hv 2100, 700℃) by Cathodic Arc Evaporation Process, Super resistance against corrosion
通过阴极弧形蒸发过程进行陶瓷镀漆，超级抗腐蚀
• Stellite is a time proven hard-facing material which is erosion & corrosion resistant and which retains high temperature hardness to minimize galling and surface degradation.
斯特莱特是经时间证明抗腐蚀的硬化表面材料，并且能够维持高温硬度以减少磨损与表面老化。
• Different hardness between seat & disc is good for anti-galling. KVT PSGV have HRc 5~7 hardness different.
阀座和阀板间的不同硬度可以抵抗磨损。KVT PSGV拥有5-7种不同硬度。
• In case of quick open/closing or frequently operating PSGV, KVT strongly recommend the use of CrN Coating disc. This is a proven coating material by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI).
如果是快速启/闭或者经常操作PSGV，KVT强力推荐使用CrN 镀漆阀板。该镀漆材料经过韩国原子能研究院检验。

Design Features – Back Seating & Pressure Seal Design
设计特点—上密封&压力密封设计
• Back seat is of integral and cone-on-cone design上密封分为整体和锥对锥设计
• The time proven Delta type pressure seal design seals more effectively as pressure increases because the pressure forces the sealing elements into closer contact. Sealing effectiveness is thus unaffected by high temperature relaxation of materials and pressure cycles. The pressure seal gasket has an optimum angular relationship with body and bonnet to provide a high elastic & resilient sealing force as it yields initially under bolting (screwed) pre-loads and then under line pressure. The gasket is shaped a delta form and made pure graphite of very high resilient properties.
时间证明三角形压力密封设计随着压力的增加密封效果更佳，因为压力迫使密封元件更紧密接触。因此密封效果不会因为材料的高温松弛和压力循环而受影响。压力密封垫与阀体和阀盖间角度关系极佳，在其最初产生螺纹预压和随后的线性压力下提供高回复密封力。密封垫为三角形，使纯石墨具有高回弹性。
• KVT’s narrow cone-on-cone design withstands over-torque better than other design
KVT窄锥形设计比其他形状的设计更能承受超扭矩。
• In comparison with other pressure seal design, KVT design is unique and simple for the sizes (even small size) and effective sealing area provided, and for ease of maintenance after long years service.
同其他压力密封相比较，KVT设计尺寸独特简洁（即使小型号），更有效的密封面积，维修周期长。
• In order to disassemble a KVT Hi-Fluidic pressure seal bonnet, line pressure must be relieved and cooled – This is important safety feature of the KVT
design.
为了分解KVT高流量压力密封阀盖，必须首先释放和冷却线性压力—这是KVT最重要的安全特点。

Design Features – Bypass & Over Pressurization Protection Design
设计特点—旁路&超压保护设计
• Bypass Valve is used to reduce the traversing differential pressure across the valve seat.
旁路阀的作用是减小通过阀座的压差
• Also provide a convenient means for the initial
warming through of pipe line
为经过的管线提供便捷的初步预热。
• Equalizing device is used to relieve the fluid trapped between the seat faces
均压设备用于排放阀座表面积留的液体
• Compact Design严密的设计
• Reliable Operation可靠的操作
• Easy Set Pressure简单的压力设置
• Wide Set Range - 40 ~ 350 barg压力设置范围广阔—40-350
Design Features – In-Line Maintenance & Others
设计特点—同管道维护&其他
• Stem Packing – Packing stays resilient to maintain long term sealing-ability. KVT use the stem packing of something special.
阀杆密封—密封可以保持回弹性来维持其长效密封能力。KVT使用特殊的阀杆填料。
• Stem Bushing - An Aluminum Bronze alloy bushing with two paired needle thrust bearing eliminates galling of the stem and provide smoother operation, reduce torque , longer life.
阀杆螺母—带有双滚针止推轴承的铝铜合金螺母能够减少阀杆的磨损，并且提供灵活的操作模式，减小扭矩，延长使用寿命。
• Four windows bar type yoke – to promote air cooling of the packing chamber area, ease access to the pressure seal bonnet and ease disassemble the whole valve as in-line condition.
？？支架—可以促进密封区域的空气冷却，轻松进入压力密封阀盖，以及在同管道情况下轻松分解整个阀门。
All KVT Hi-Fluidic Valves have been designed for ease of in-line maintenance, KVT also offers a variety of portable field tools - and
the services of KVT trained specialists – to provide in-line repair and refinishing or replacement of internal parts.
所有KVT大流量阀门的设计使其可以轻松的进行同管道维护。KVT也提供各种便携式工具，KVT专家提供同管道维修，重做以及更换内部零件。

Design Features – SPL Parallel Slide Disc, Sliding Sealing
设计特点—SPL平行滑动阀板，滑动密封
• Sealing is obtained by sliding, not by compression according to wedging effects.
通过滑动而不是像楔形闸阀一样通过压缩进行密封。
• Torque test results, kgf-cm扭矩测试结果
• Test results of the valve thermal binding.
阀门热黏合测试结果
- Compare with wedge gate valve同楔形闸阀比较
- Test specimen测试样本: DN 40, ANSI 1500#
- Room temperature & 400 hot temp.室温&400℃高温
- Heating in open position and closed, and then re-open the valve after cooling.
启/闭位置中加热，随后阀门冷却后重新开启。
Solid Wedge  SPL PSGV
固体楔形闸阀
Close Open   Close Open
Heating/ cooled  412  997     406   86加温/冷却
Normal          404  185     405  184常温
• Result show that wedge gate seating tend to jam & binding as a result of body contraction after cooled. Like these malfunction problems often occur of a wedge gate valve if they are closed while hot, and cooled afterwards. SPL PSGV never occur.
测试结果显示由于冷却后阀体收缩，楔形闸容易损坏和堵塞。如果楔形闸阀在灼热，随后又冷却的状态下关闭，类似的故障会经常发生。而弹簧加压(SPL)平行滑动闸阀永远不会发生这种故障。

Design Features – SPL Parallel Slide Disc, Sliding Sealing
设计特点—弹簧加压(SPL)滑动阀板，滑动密封
• Sealing is obtained by sliding, not by compression according to wedging effects.
由滑动而不像楔形闸阀一样通过压缩进行密封。
• Longer maintenance free lifetime on sealing surfaces→ Sealing integrity endurance test
表面密封的维护周期长→密封完整耐用性测试
• Test Conditions测试条件
- Size尺寸 : DN40, ANSI 1500#, A105
- Actuator 驱动装置: Spring return(RA)弹簧回复, Piston活塞
- Fluid 液体: rusted water锈水
- Open/Closing time启/闭时间 : below 10 seconds低于10秒

Test Results测试结果
Number of
Cycles循环次数 Result of valve seat leaks阀座渗漏结果
 Specimen 1
样品1 Specimen 2
样品2
10,000 No leak无渗漏 No leak
20,000 No leak No leak
30,000 No leak No leak
40,000- No leak No leak
1. Stop at 40,000 cycles due to limited test times.
由于测试时间限制，测试停止在40,000周
2. Test duration : 24days测试时间；24天
We can guarantee the best quality of seating integrity of a power operated PSGV when introducing CrN super ceramic coating to the discs.
用CrN超级陶瓷喷漆阀板，我们可以保证动力操作的PSGV具有最优质量。

Design Features – Flow Analysis by CFD in PSGV Control Valve
设计特点—PSGV调节阀用CFD进行流量分析
Achieve good sealing but high fluid induced strain. So, PSGV control valve should be designed with more stuff trim structural integrity.
能够达到良好的密封效果，但大流量可以引起张力。所以PSGV调节阀应该设计安装更多结构完整的密封阀芯。
Design Features – SPL Parallel Slide Disc, Parallel Sliding Sealing
设计特点—SPL 平行滑动阀板，平行滑动密封

Key Min posed at his PSGVs which are for power station. DN200-ANSI 2500# BW, Bypass & Pressure relieving device, Motor & Manual operated, Total 12 sets
闵社长与为发电站提供的PSGVs一起合影。DN200-ANSI 2500# BW, 旁路及减压设备，动力及手动操作，共12台

• Pressure sealed bonnet using high density pure graphite gasket (Delta formed)
使用高密纯度石墨密封垫的压力密封阀盖（三角形）
• To protect bonnet over pressure introducing pressure relieving device
用减压设备保护超强压力下的阀盖
• Bypass piping旁路管道
• SPL Parallel sliding discs
SPL平行滑动阀板
• Wide flat seats宽平阀座
• Travel stop on Yoke支架上有行程限位
• Non-revolving stem by stopper 限位滑块可以防止阀杆转动。
• Different hardfacing on seatings →Different hardness ( ~ 5 HRc) on seating surface : Discs – Stl #12, Seat – Stl #6
不同硬性表面阀座→阀座表面不同硬度：阀板→Stl #12,阀座– Stl #6
• Integral back seat in bonnet – conical type
阀盖中完整的上密封—锥形
• Flow is directional定向流量
• Two thrust bearings and Al-Bronze bushing
两个止推轴承和铝铜螺母

• High Spring Rate of Disc Spring (INCONEL 718) yield a good Sealing Force
阀板弹簧的高弹簧比率能获得良好的密封力（因科内尔镍基合金）
• Design of the Outer Edge of Disc is based on Life Liability Cycle Test (Actual Operation Condition, 172barg-342℃ at KAERI Test Lab)
阀板外部边缘的设计要根据使用寿命循环测试（实际操作条件，在KAERI测验室为172barg-342℃）
• Design by FEA, specific for Thermal Effects
EFA专为热效应设计
• No stopper inside of valve阀门内部无限位滑块
Fast Acting Pneumatic PSGV* – Proto Type Model Testing in hot test loop
快动气动PSGV—在热环路测试系统中的初级模型测试
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute(KAERI)
韩国原子能研究院
Thermal Hydraulic Testing Lab热力液动测验室
􀁺 Valve Size : 2”(50mm)阀门尺寸 
􀁺 Valve Pressure Class : 2500# RTJ阀门压力级
􀁺 Opening Time : 0.3 Second开启时间
􀁺 Closing Time : 0.7 Second关闭时间
􀁺 Valve Stroke : 50mm阀门冲程
􀁺 Valve Stroking Speed : 100 mm/sec阀门行速100 mm/秒
(* MOVs Stroking Speed 5mm/sec.) * MOVs行速5mm/秒
􀁺 Testing Cond. : 172barg, 342deg.测试条件
􀁺 Differential Pressure : 172bar压差
􀁺 Fluid Medium 流体介质: Steam蒸汽
􀁺 Test Purpose 测试目的: Seating Integrity and CrN Coating Endurance Test in Hot Cond. 阀座完整性以及热条件下CrN喷漆耐性测试

Advantages of each type Seating Figuration in a Gate Valve
闸阀中各个形状阀座的优点
Seating Mechanism
阀座结构 Advantages
优点 Dis-advantages
缺点
Solid Wedge
整体楔形闸阀座 1. Increasing stem torque → increasing seating force(positive seating)
增加阀杆扭矩→增加阀座力（正阀座）
2. Simple 简易
3. By-directional flow 1.Possible seat leaks under hot service due
to piping reaction forces such as thermal
由于管道反作用力，如：热效应，可能导致热操作下的阀座泄漏
2. Possible thermal binding
可能产生热黏合
3. Low flexibility弹性差
Split Wedge
分散楔形闸阀座 1. Strong against piping reaction loads克服管道反作用力强
2. Increasing stem torque → increasing seat force增加阀杆扭矩→增加阀座力 1. Possible pressure locking
可能产生压力闭合
2. Possible seating unstability
可能导致阀座不稳定
Flexible Wedge
可伸缩楔形闸阀座 1. Low flexibility against piping reaction & thermal
克服管道反作用力及上升热气的弹性差
2. Increasing stem torque → increasing seat force
增加阀杆扭矩→增加阀座力 1. Possible pressure locking & disc jamming
可能导致压力闭合及阀板堵塞
2. High torque when unseating after cooled
冷却后移位时会产生大扭矩
Parallel Slide
Double Flat Seat
平行滑动双平面阀座 1. High flexibility to the piping reaction & thermal
对管道反作用力及上升热气的弹性高
2. Constant stem force in open/closing启/闭时频繁产生阀杆作用力
3. Long life seating integrity & easy maintenance
阀座完整性好寿命长&易维护
4. Fast acting operation using pneumatic
使用驱动装置进行快速操作 1. Possible pressure locking
可能导致压力闭合
2. Wide flat seat area required
需要宽平阀座区
Parallel
Expanding
平行延伸阀座 1. Increasing stem torque →increasing seat force
增加阀杆扭矩→增加阀座力
2. Positive seating
正面阀座
3. Easy maintenance
易维护 1. Possible pressure locking
可能导致压力闭合
2. Lack of flexibility to piping reaction
对管道反作用力缺少弹性
3. High torque when unseating after cooled
冷却后移位时产生大扭矩
Knife Gate刀形闸阀座
 1. Low pressure service.低压操作
2. Good for dirt fluid
有益于脏液流排放
3. Low weight
重量轻 1. Leaks in seat
阀座渗漏
2. No good for high temp. service
对高温操作不利

Application应用
Power Generation动力组成
• Feed Water Heater Isolation 锅炉给水换热器隔断
• Main Steam Stop & Isolation 锅炉主蒸汽隔断
• Boiler Blow-off              锅炉吹灰器蒸汽隔断
• Main Steam Drains          主蒸汽管道排水
• Heater Drains               加热器排水隔断
• Turbine Drains              涡轮排水隔断
• Soot Blower Steam Isolation 锅炉汽包主蒸汽隔断
• Safety Valve Isolation        安全阀隔断
• Blow-down                  锅炉排放隔断
• Reheater Isolation                    再热器隔断
• Boiler Recirculation Pump Isolation   锅炉循环水泵隔断
• High Energy System Isolation         高能系统隔断
Others其他
1. Raw Water (River) Stop Valves       生水截止阀
2. Process Steam Stop Valves          蒸汽处理截止阀
3. Quick Open/Close Stop Valves       快速启/闭截止阀
4. Fast Acting Stop Valves             快速反应截止阀
5. High differential Press. Control Valves such as Blow-down Control
高压差调节阀 如：排放调节
6. Steam Dump Valve                  蒸汽排放阀

Key Design Constitution of PSGV according to ANSI B16.34
Key根据ANSI B16.34标准进行PSGV结构设计
Intermediate Pressure Class and its Wall thickness中等压力级与管壁厚度
Prd = Pr1 +{ (Pd – P1) / (P2-P1) } x (Pr2 – Pr1)
Prd : Intermediate Pressure Class中等压力级
P1 & P2 are ratings corresponding to pressure class Pr1 & Pr2
P1 & P2等于Pr1 & Pr2压力级
Pr1 : Low designated pressure class, 低标示压力级
Pr2 : next designated class of Pr1    Pr1下一标示级
tm = t1 + { (Prd – Pr1) / (Pr2 – Pr1) } x (t2 – t1)
t1 & t2 are wall thickness corresponding to pressure class & nominal size of Pr1 & Pr2
t1 & t2等同于Pr1 & Pr2压力级&公称尺寸的器壁厚度
KVT design & manufacture the Intermediate Class Valves as per customer requests and/or KVT engineering efforts.
KVT根据每位顾客的要求和/或KVT工程研究计划设计制造中等阀

Quick Opening PSGV  快速开启平行滑动闸阀
12”, 600# RF, Pneumatic Piston气动活塞
< Operation Condition >操作条件
- Pressure : 60barg压力
- Temp : 70°F温度
- Differential Press. : 60bar压差
- Opening Time 开启时间: 1.0 second秒
KAERI韩国原子能研究院
Line Breaking Research Work管道破损研究

KVT Valve Developments For Thermal Cycling Plant
KVT热循环阀的发展

Conventional Valve Problems常规阀门的问题
􀀺 Lack of high temperature strength高温条件下强度差
􀀺 Thermal fatigue cracking.热疲劳导致裂化
􀀺 Heavy weights.重量大
􀀺 Crack detection on fabrication welds of forged valve bodies.
锻造阀体在焊接处产生裂痕
􀀺 Welding Dissimilar metals.不同金属焊接
9%Cr Alloy Steel Solution(C12A)9%Cr合金钢溶剂
􀀻 Modified 9%Cr typically has twice the hot strength of the usual
降低9%Cr后是传统产品热强度的二倍
Chrome Moly and CMV steels.铬钼合金和CMV钢
􀀻 Greater resistance to thermal cracking.
对热裂有超强抵抗力
􀀻 Half the weight(could be used with down pressure class)
重量减半（可以在低压力级下使用）
Key Design Constitution of PSGV according to ANSI B16.34
根据ANSI B16.34标准设计PSGV关键结构
Intermediate Pressure Class and its Wall thickness中等压力与管壁厚度
Prd = Pr1 +{ (Pd – P1) / (P2-P1) } x (Pr2 – Pr1)
Prd : Intermediate Pressure Class中等压力
P1 & P2 are ratings corresponding to pressure class Pr1 & Pr2
P1 & P2等同于压力级Pr1 & Pr2
Pr1 : Low designated pressure class, Pr2 : next designated class of Pr1
Pr1：低标示压力级，Pr2：Pr1的下一标示压力级
tm = t1 + { (Prd – Pr1) / (Pr2 – Pr1) } x (t2 – t1)
t1 & t2 are wall thickness corresponding to pressure class & nominal size of Pr1 & Pr2
t1 & t2是与Pr1 & Pr2压力级及公称尺寸相符的管壁厚度
KVT design & manufacture the Intermediate Class Valves as per customer requests and/or KVT engineering efforts.
KVT根据每个客户的要求和/或KVT工程研究计划设计及生产中等级阀门。

Hi-Fluidic Severe Duty Control Valves
大流量精密调节阀
- Own Brand品牌所有 : KVT
- EKME Brand : HV  EKME品牌：HV
(England-Korea Mechanical Engineering) 英韩机械工程

Control Valves – based on an innovative & reverse engineered design
调节阀—基于革新及反向工程设计
• KCG Control Valves – 3/8”~12”, ANSI Class 150#~2500# → General Globe Style Control Valve
KCG调节阀门—3/8”~12”, ANSI等级150#~2500#→普通节流型调节阀
• KCG Micro-Flow Laboratory Control
KCG微流量实验用调节阀
Valve→ Customer-Oriented Specialization
阀门→按客户要求专门设计
• Special Valves特殊阀门
→ Ultra low Pressure Control Valve超低压调节阀
→Hi-Cavitating, Severe Duty Control Valve
高气蚀精密调节阀
→Emergency Shut-off Control Valve
紧急关闭调节阀
• Major Customers主要客户
POSCO, KEPCO(KOSPO), KAERI

Control Valve Trim Technology调节阀芯技术
1. Severe Duty Service 精密设备: HEST-I, HEST-II, HEST-III
2. General Service普通设备 : PT, HS
TRIM TECHNOLOGY阀芯技术
– Refer to Control Valve Trim Selection
– 参考调节阀芯选项

Control Valves, Severe Duty Service – Refurbishment Program for the Trim
调节阀，精密设备—阀芯翻新项目
Based on Reverse Engineering & Field Experiences基于反向工程及该领域经验
• Fisher CAVITROL II, III
Anti-Cavitation Trim抗气蚀阀芯
• Fisher WHISPER, WHISPER FLO
Anti –Noise Trim抗噪音阀芯
• COPES-VULCAN HUSH Trims
• CASCADE Trims阶式阀芯
• Multi-Stage Restriction Orifice Type Trim
多级节流孔板型阀芯

CAVITROL-III Trim Model & Velocity Profile
CAVITROL-III阀芯模型及速度分布图
Experiences in Korea韩国的工作
1. Modification of CAVITROL-III Trim 改进CAVITROL-III阀芯
(Reduced Cv value by 40% - CFD Analysis & redesign, revamping the trim for KEPCO)
（降低Cv价格40%—为KEPCO进行CFD分析以及重新设计，修补阀芯)
2. Introducing a HUSH like trim(multi-hole, multi-cylinder) into PTCV(HP turbine bypass valve) for POSCO
为POSCO将阀芯（多孔，多气缸）样装置引入PTCV（HP涡轮旁路阀）
3. Other small jobs其他小项目

Hi-Fluidic Blowdown Control Valves
大流量排污调节阀
- SBD(Straight Type)直线型
- TBD(Tandem Type)活塞型
- ABD(Angle Type)角型
- PBD(Parallel Slide Gate Type)
平行滑动闸型
- YBD(Y-Types of Blow-off/down)Y型排放

Blowdown Control Valves排污调节阀
• Type ABD→ Angle Type, Most good for high blowdown
ABD型→角型，最适合大流量排污
• Type SBD →Straight Type, Cascade pressure control, can be fine control blowdown (turn down ratio ~ 120:1), mitigate blowdown
SBD型→直线型，阶梯压力调节，能够进行适当的调节排污（下调率-120：1），缓冲排放
• Type TBD →2~4 angle valves combined, Share the pressure drop
TBD型→2-4角阀连接，共享压降
• Type PBD →Parallel Slide Gate Type, restriction orifices in valve down-stream, can be remote control, heater/main steam drain
system
PBD型→平行滑动闸型，可以远程调节阀门下游中的截留孔板，加热/主流排放系统。

KVT Blowdown Valves (Example Study)
KVT排污阀（研究实例）

-. High Pressure Drop Required(140barg→ 4~5barg).高压降要求（140帕→4-5帕）
-. Outside Specific Volume should be expand due to High pressure drop(Outlet velocity increased)
由于高压降原因，外部比容应该加大（排放速度增加）
-. Stem & Plug should be integral design due to possible high fluidic vibration (High energy exchanged)
阀杆和阀栓需要根据可能产生的高液流振动（高能改变）进行整体设计
-. Precision controlled design required
精确调节设计需要
-. Diffuser plate required for making bumper the high pressure drop 
扩散设备要求减压器可以降低高压降
-. Some times the valve require a sacrifice orifice.有时阀门需要？？？  
-. Valve material – F91(9Cr-V High temp. resistance alloy steel)
阀门材料—F91（9Cr-V抗高温合金钢）
-. The valve trims should be maintainability design
阀芯是可维修设计
-. The plug should be Stellite阀栓应该是斯特莱特合金
-. The operation of the valve→recommend automatic operation
阀门操作，建议使用自动操作。

Orifice technology喷孔技术
As a Principal Theory of Control Valve
作为调节阀门的主要理论

Restriction Orifices节流孔板
• Boiler Minimum Flow Line锅炉最小流量管道
→ On-Off Valve + High Restriction Orifice
间断阀门+高节流板孔
• Descaling Line of Steel Woks不锈钢管道
→  Quick Open/Close Valve + Dump to Reservoir
快速启/闭阀门+卸载到储藏室
• Heater Drain Lines to Condenser
加热排放管道压缩
→  To avoid erosion of valve body due to severe flashing
避免急剧蒸发引起阀体腐蚀
• Noise Control Gas/Steam Dump
燃气/蒸汽噪音调节阀
→  Use a labyrinth velocity profile orifices

Steam Conditioning Control Equipments
蒸汽调节设备
- PTCV(Pressure/Temperature Conditioning)
压力/温度调节
- SAMO, MFD, MSCD(Desuperheaters)降温器

Desuperheaters, Pressure & Temperature Conditioning Valve (PTCV)
降温器，压力及温度调节阀
• SAMO : Spring Assist Multiple Orifice Desuperheater弹簧辅助多孔降温器
􀃆 Supplied to POSCO Thermal Power Plant, DN100/ANSI 2500#, 6 Nozzles Orifice
提供POSCO热动装置DN100/ANSI 2500#, 6个喷嘴孔
• MSCD : Multi Nozzle Spray Controlled Desuperheater多喷嘴调节降温器
– No need spray water control valve
– 无需喷水调节阀
􀃆 Supplied to POSCO Thermal Power Plant, DN80/ANSI 900#, 6 Nozzles
提供POSCO热动装置DN100/ANSI 2500#, 6个喷嘴孔
• PTCV – Turbine Bypass Valves,
涡轮旁路阀
􀃆 Bolted Bonnet, Quick Change Trim, Angle Type, Piston Actuator
螺栓阀盖，快速替换阀芯，角型，活塞驱动装置
Design Parameters of PTCV(Example)
PTCV设计参数（例子）

      
Steam Inlet
蒸汽输入量 Steam Outlet
蒸汽输出量 CoolingWater
冷水 Parameter
参数 Unit
单位
127 28.3 155 Pressure压强 barg
538 330 158.2 Temp.温度 (℃)
132,000 152,363 20,363 Flow rate流量 Kgf/hr

第三部分
KVT(Key Valve Technologies Ltd.,)’s business is to share valve technology with valuable customers, new and innovative valve designs with reliable safety and quality, and adopting new technology of relative field of science.
KVT的宗旨是可靠，安全，质量，科学的采用有关高新技术，设计出创新的阀门，并与客户分享这新技术
KVT as a specialist of valve engineering is now providing with customers the best product of good design of proper fluid flow control, the use of high quality materials, and the competitive price in the valve market.
KVT作为阀门领域的专家，控制流体的最佳流量，采用最先进的设计，使用最优质的材料；在阀门市场上，以其具有竞争力的价格，为客户提供最优秀的产品。
KVT was founded in 1998 to provide high quality valve products in area of high energy process industry.
KVT成立于1998年，为高能加工产业领域提供优质阀门产品。
KVT’s products have focused to the niche marketing of high technology needs such as severe duty service process of high energy,
KVT产品集中在高技术需求的笼式市场，例如：高能源加工精密设备
KVT’s Brand should be recognized as a good quality products by the customers. The KVT’s total brand spirits are based on the total confidence in the product quality of design (functional integrity) and manufacturing process.
KVT品牌被客户认定为优质产品品牌。KVT的品牌精神基于KVT对其产品设计与质量上的绝对信心。
KVT’s Brands are,
KVT品牌是
KVT(Hi-Fluidic®)
商用产品
- Valve Manufacturing & Engineering Service阀门制造及工程设备
- Parallel Slide Gate Valves平行滑动闸阀
- Control Valves/Fluid Flow Control Devices调节阀/流量调节设备
- Blow Down Valves减压阀
- Y-Stop Check ValvesY型止回阀
- Nozzle Check Valves喷嘴止回阀
- Special Valves特殊阀门
- Actuators驱动装置
- Hydraulic Actuating Systems (HiFSEHS)液压驱动装置
设备
- Valve Comprehensive Testing and Inspection Equipments阀门综合测试及监测设备
- Valve Assembler & Welding Machines阀门装配及焊接机
- Valve Flow Capacity and Pressure Drop Inherent Measuring Equipment
阀门流量及压降内部测量设备
- Hydrostatic Shell & Seat Leakage Tester液压壳及阀座渗漏测试器
- Universal Milling Machine & Lathes, and Others普通铣床&车床，及其他设备。

可用的工程软件
- Computational Fluid Dynamics/CFD Tools流体动力/CFD程序
- FEA Tools / Linear, Thermal, Dynamics,  FEA工具/线性，热力，动力
- Fluid Flow & Network流量及网络
- Flow Instrumentation Sizing Program流量设备测量程序

Special Check Valves特殊阀门
Blowdown Control Valves排污调节阀
Y-Stop Check Valves Y型止回阀
Nozzle Plug Check Valves喷嘴塞止回阀
Custom Designed Check Valves传统设计止回阀
Check Valves for High Temp. Service高温操作阀
Blowdown Control Valves排污调节阀
Angle Blowdown角型排污阀
Straight Through Flow Control Valves直线流量调节阀
Tandem Blowdown Valves串联排污阀
Gate Style Control Valves闸型调节阀
Twin Disc Parallel Slide Gate Valve
双阀板平行滑动闸阀
Pressure Compensated & Balanced for Very High Pressure System
补压及高压平衡系统

Valve Engineering Service阀门工程服务
● Flow Test Loop流量测试
● Refurbishment Re-engineering更新改造
● Reliable Maintenance Engineering安全维护
● Engineering Service - CFD / CAE工程设备- CFD / CAE
 驱动系统
● Electrical Actuator Application电动装置的应用
● Piston Actuator活塞驱动装置
● Diaphragm Actuator膜片驱动
● Special Large Capacity Pneumatic Actuator特大容量气动驱动装置

HiFSEHS
Hi-FluidicⓇ Safety Electro-Hydraulic Actuator System大流量安全电-液压驱动系统
Ex d IIB T5 (AC220V, 60Hz, 250W, 10.5A)
Temperature Range温度范围 : -25~ +80℃ others on
Request Required Power动力要求 : 0.25 - 0.50 Kw dependent on torque output根据输出扭矩力
Power Supply 动力供应: 24 V DC, 115 V AC, 230 V AC (50/60 Hz), others on request其他按要求
Solenoid Valve Power Demand 螺线管阀门动力要求: 12 Watt (operating voltage as needed按照所需操作电压)
Operating Voltage Internal内部操作电压 : 24 V DC
Failsafe Operation 事故保护: Bladder Accumulator气球蓄电池
Emergency Operation紧急操作 : Hand Pump手动泵
Control System Pressure(Min/Max) 压力控制系统（最小/最大）: 60/100 bar(101.971577 kgf/cm²)

Design Features设计特点
* Pressure sealed bonnet using high density pure graphite gasket (Delta formed)
使用高纯石墨密封垫的压力密封阀盖（三角形）
* To protect bonnet over pressure introducing pressure relieving device
使用压力缓解设备保护过大压力下的阀盖
* Bypass piping旁路管
* SPL Parallel sliding discs   SPL平行滑动阀板
* Wide flat seats宽平阀座
* Travel stop on Yoke支架上具有行程限位
* Non-revolving stem by stopper限位滑块防止阀杆旋转
 * Different hardfacing on seatings阀座不同硬化表面
Different hardness ( ~ 5 HRc) on seating surface阀座表面不同硬度
: Discs – Stl #12, Seat – Stl #6
* Integral back seat in bonnet – conical type阀盖内有锥形上密封
* Flow is directional定向流
* Two thrust bearings and Al-Bronze bushing双止推轴承及铝铜轴套

Graphite Seal Gasket石墨密封垫
* The higher the internal pressure, the greater the sealing force.
内部压力越大，密封性越好
* We recommend the use of graphite pressure seal gaskets, in lieu of standard soft iron gaskets, in high temperature and frequently temperature- cycled applications.
我们推荐在高温和频繁的高温循环设备中使用石墨压力密封垫代替标准软铁密封垫。

DATA FOR CALCULATION OF FLOW流量计算数据
 
流量系数Cv代表600 F，压降为1磅/平方英寸的水通过阀门的流量比率。如下表所示的为不同型号和尺寸的Cv系数，由实际流量测试决定。
Kv与Cv量度相等（Kv=Cv×0.856）
Exceptional Design Features of Spring Pack Loaded(SPL)
Parallel Slide Gate Valves
弹簧加压平行滑动式闸阀的独特设计
 
KVT平行滑动闸阀（PSGV）的设计在流量调节中有更安全的密封性和阀门操作功能。作为最终控制元件，可靠的密封关闭功能在阀门中是至关重要的控制因素。
 
KVT介绍的阀门具有更长的无故障使用寿命。该手册中介绍的每一款PSGV均基于平行滑动闸原理设计，并带有独立的阀板。宽平阀座，阀芯弹簧无论何种力也能保持最佳密封，阀板边缘为刀刃状。
 跟一般的楔形闸阀比较，平行滑动式闸阀是不会产生由于受温度等影响，而产生的卡住，挟住的现象。
 
 
在密封表面，甚至在正面接触时也不易留下印迹，刻痕和印痕，这是因为平行滑动闸阀靠滑动式动作，而不是压缩力来进行密封。这样不仅提高了密封性能，而且延长了维修周期，可以保持阀内件（阀板，阀座）的寿命。
 
 
ＫＶＴ平行滑动式闸阀的阀芯边缘为平板的刀刃状，跟阀座接触时动作柔软。这样不仅能清除污染渣质，而且不用担心阀座表面粘结污染物。同时，减小了表面应力，而且延长了寿命，即应力分散在宽平的阀芯表面，对密封的影响为最小化。
 
密封不是靠压缩力，而是靠滑动力。为了防止泄露，并不需要最后的冲击力，为了关闭阀座不用额外的力，所以跟一般的楔形闸阀比较，扭矩小，可以配更小的驱动装置。另外平行滑动式闸阀并不需要额外冲击力。
 平行滑动式闸阀由于扭矩小，大大减轻阀芯在平行滑动闸阀上的应力及其疲劳，所以它是提高阀门寿命和可靠密封的重要因素。
　
 
平行滑动式闸阀由于密封不是靠压缩力，而是靠滑动力，关闭阀门时，可以不用要求阀杆位置很严格。这样不用担心材质的热膨胀系数不同而产生的异常现象。同时可以用普通状态开关关闭驱动。
 可以避免像一般楔形闸阀一样，如果阀门在高温下关闭，冷却之后，由于阀体收缩，导致阀芯，阀座被卡住的现象。平行滑动式闸阀不会出现这种异常现象。
一般楔形闸阀，在最大流量状态下关闭时，为了保持直线，两侧需设导向板，但由于材料等原因，磨损仍会产生阀体被推压的现象。平行滑动式闸阀由于起导向作用的阀座采用斯特莱特硬质合金（钨铬钴合金），所以不会出现这种现象。
Another Advantages of SPL Parallel Slide Gate Valve  SPL平行滑动闸阀的其他优点
The unique SPL (Disc Spring Pack Loaded) gate trim unit comprises all of the operating parts of sliding discs. No wedging effects and much smaller contacting stresses on the seating mechanism. In high temperature service and high pressure service, the valve is never subjected to thermal binding since the SPL gate trim unit absorbs irregular thermal expansion due to the structural discontinuity of valve body.
唯一的SPL闸阀芯部件包括所有滑动阀板的操作零件，没有楔形闸的影响并且阀座接触应力较小。在高温和高压状态下，由于阀体的不连续结构使SPL闸阀芯可以吸收不规则的热扩张，阀门不会产生卡住的现象。
To avoid the seat wear problems, the disc and seat are hardfaced to keep a different hardness with Stellite #12 and Stellite #6 respectively. Remarkable different hardness is kept to minimize a galling & its built-up effects on sliding metal surfaces. It results in long life cycle of the valve.
为了避免阀座磨损，阀板和阀座分别采用斯特莱特#12和斯特莱特#6硬性材料，以保证其不同硬度。
显著不同硬度可以降低磨损，防止滑动金属表面产生凹凸，从而延长阀门的寿命。
The SPL centralized INCONEL cone springs which distribute uniformly loading on both seats as well as compensating for irregular expansion of seats and seat wear.
SPL弹簧加压型为了消除阀座的不规则膨胀和阀座磨损，将使两个阀座受均衡的载荷，把因科内尔镍合金锥形弹簧设置在中心。
Also the precision guiding system in gate trim unit and stem connection eliminate vibration (due to flow turbulence) of gate trim unit even the disc position in partially open.
KVTs’ SPL parallel slide gate valves can be flow throttling in any form of flowing condition.
另外，起着精确导向作用的阀座，和连接在阀杆的阀芯，可以消除由于微开阀门而带来的不规则流体流动引起的震动。
弹簧加压型平行滑动闸阀无论流体为何种状态的条件，都能进行调节。
Operating Tips and Cautions of SPL Parallel Slide Gate Valves
SPL平行滑动闸阀的操作规则及注意事项
 
延长平行滑动闸阀使用寿命的操作关键
 至少每三个月启动一次阀门
 保持阀杆清洁，经常为阀杆上润滑油（为避免阀门腐蚀）
 定期检查阀门
 如果阀门有渗漏，要及时研磨阀座
 阀门不能使用在有水击或冲击的系统中
 定期检查填料
 
平行滑动式闸阀的操作注意事项 启闭平行滑动式闸阀跟其他闸阀比较，扭矩明显小，不需要冲击手轮或大尺寸手轮，更不需要撞击形扭矩。另外，要确认阀芯制动装置到极限开关位置时，是否弯曲。
当配阀门电动驱动装置时，根据扭矩大小来确定电动驱动装置。阀杆极限行程由极限开关决定，通常允许极限开关位置，在关闭位置（密封位置）使用极限开关，开启位置由电动驱动位置的扭矩开关决定。
 
在对PSGV进行最后密封时，完全不需要额外的作用力。
 
 
 
对于配有电动驱动装置旁路阀，电动驱动操作装置需要遵守以下原则：
 主管和旁路阀在关闭状态下，旁路阀开启后才能开启主阀
 当主阀完全开启后，旁路阀将自动关闭
 当主阀开启时，关闭信号将引导旁路阀自动打开
 当主阀处于完全关闭状态时，旁路阀应该自动关闭，停止循环。
有时在正常旁路阀之外配有压力平衡阀。平衡阀是手动控制的，并在正常运行过程中，平衡阀被锁住在开启位置上。
 
旁路阀，调压阀和平衡装置
 
旁路阀：为了减少作用在阀座的压力，使用旁路阀。这样不仅减少操作装置作用力，而且起到预热管道的作用。
 
平衡装置：为了释放积留在阀座面间的液体，平衡装置使用在关闭状态时，当关闭阀门时，排除滞留在阀体和阀盖之间的流体，如锅炉给水系统那样的不可压缩流体。
平衡装置也能解决在蒸汽的凝结水系统中，因凝结水所发生的问题。
当使用旁路阀时，提供从主阀通过旁路阀到主管道的平衡连接。
阀门内件（在阀座或阀芯上）开小孔或利用旁路管道，做为平衡装置。
另外，将平衡装置安装在阀盖上，用来降低高压。
Equalizing & By-Passing Device均衡及旁路设备
WEDGE GATE AND PARALLEL SLIDE GATE VALVES TO FAIL TO OPEN
under certain process conditions may be attributed to an increase in the required unwedging thrust to open the valve due to the following phenomena:
由于以下情况，而用要求的非楔形推力开启阀门次数增加时，会导致在某一过程中无法开启楔形闸阀和平行滑动闸阀
OVER PRESSURIZATION过大增压
may result when liquid, entrapped in the center cavity of valves, is heated.
会导致在阀门中心槽的液体变热。
- The trapped fluid expands and the resultant increase in pressure may make the valve inoperable. In extreme cases, a breach of the pressure boundary may occur.
残留液体扩张，压力增加会导致阀门无法开启。在极端情况下，将会发生压力边界破裂。
- Each 1°F rise in temperature results in a pressure increase of 150 psi.
温度每增加1°F，压强会增加150 psi。
- Over pressurization may occur in both pressure seal and bolted bonnet type valves and is not restricted to valve size.
压力密封和螺栓型阀盖的阀门都会发生过大增压，并且过大增压不受阀门尺寸限制。
- A length of pipe isolated at both ends by a valve may also suffer from over pressurization.
被阀门分离两端的管道也有遭受过大增压的可能
PRESSURE LOCKING压力闭合
when P1 is significantly larger then Pa or Pb, pressure locking occurs.
当P1 明显大于Pa 或 Pb时，产生压力闭合。
- The potential for pressure locking is greater in parallel slide valves (double disc drag)
due to the effective area on which the entrapped pressure acts.
由于截留压力作用在有效面积上，所以平行滑动阀的压力闭合潜在性要较大
THERMAL BINDING热黏合
may occur in wedge type gate valves between the wedge and seats due to temperature differential between inlet and outlet of the valve, when the valve was closed hot and the system cools down.
当阀门热关闭，系统冷却时，阀门入口与出口的温差会导致楔形闸阀的楔形闸和阀座间发生热黏合。
- It may make the valve inoperable. 这样会导致阀门无法开启
- The stem expansion and other stresses, mechanical or thermal, may also contribute as valve bodies are not rigid.当阀体不直时会产生阀杆膨胀及其他机械张力或热张力。
- Thermal binding is more common in high temperature applications.
在高温设备中，热黏合是比较普遍的现象。
- While wedge type gate valves are susceptible to thermal binding, parallel slide valves are not.
楔形闸阀对热黏合敏感，而平行滑动阀则不。

RECOMMENDATIONS推荐
1. OVERPRESSURIZATION AND PRESSURE LOCKING过大增压和压力闭合
After evaluating and determining that the potential for problems exist, the solution for over-pressurization and pressure locking is to provide pressure relief from the body cavity. This can be done in several ways:
在估算出问题存在的潜在性后，解决过大增压和压力闭合的办法是从阀体槽中找到提供压力释放的途径。可以通过以下方式做到：
- An internal hole in the disc face (Fig. 7), or in the seat (Fig. 8), connecting the body cavity to the high pressure side of the valve. The valve however will seal only in one direction.
阀板表面或者阀座上内孔，连接阀体槽到阀门的高压面上。阀门就会只在一个方向进行密封。
- An equalizing-pipe and equalizing-valve (Fig. 9), connecting the body cavity to the high pressure side of the valves, the valve must be open to provide relief.
均衡管道和均衡阀门，连接阀体槽到阀门的高压面，阀门必须开启来释放压力。
- Relief valve (Fig. 10 & 11), connecting the body cavity to the atmosphere, is another way to provide pressure relief, however the exhaust from the selfactivating type relief-valve must be piped to a safe location.
- 减压阀连接阀体槽到大气中是另一种释放压力的途径。来自自动减压阀的废气必须被排放到安全地点。
Caution must be used when opening the drain type relief-valve.
在使用排放型减压阀时必须注意警告。
2. THERMAL-BINDING (Fig. 12)热黏合
- Bypass-pipes and a valve will allow warm up of both sides of the wedge. (Warm-up lines located far away from the valve do not have a significant impact on thermal equalization.)
旁路管道和阀门允许楔形闸两侧加热（距阀门较远的加热管道不会对热均衡有太大影响）
3. COMBINED EFFECTS OF OVERPRESSURIZATION PRESSURE LOCKING AND THERMAL BINDING (Fig. 13-16)过大增压，压力闭合及热黏合的联合影响。
When evaluation determines that thermal binding may exist in combination with over-pressurization and/or pressure locking, the solution will require combination of both equalizing and bypass pipes and valves.
当计算出热黏合可能会与过大压力和压力闭合共同存在时，解决方案是将均衡，旁路管和阀门的结合使用。
Equalizing & By-Passing Device均衡与旁路设备
4. OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS其他推荐
- Verify the process to see if ΔT between closing and opening can be reduced.
核实流程，看在启闭时的ΔT是否减少
- After closing a wedge type gate valve, back up the stem (to 1/4” turn) to allow room for stem expansion. This is only practical in manual valves or electronically controlled motor operated valves.
在关闭楔形闸阀后，后退阀杆（1/8”到1/4”圈），为阀杆膨胀留出空间。这只在手动阀或电动调节阀中可以应用。
- Adequate pipe supports can reduce piping stresses.充足的管道补给可以降低管道压力。
- Stroke the valves a few times, immediately after closure, if practical, to allow for wedge to warm up, or close valve slowly.
关闭后立刻敲击几次阀门，使楔形闸预热，或者慢慢关闭阀门
- Under exceptional circumstances for electrically actuated valves opt for position seating instead of torque seating on closure. This must be discussed with the KVT for warranty considerations.
在特殊条件下电动驱动阀门在关闭时定位阀座而不是扭转阀座。这一点需要与KVT讨论授权因素。
- Consider the use of parallel slide gate valves, which are not subject to thermal binding.
- 考虑使用平行滑动闸阀，因为其不会产生热黏合。
It is, however important to realize that they are more susceptible to pressure locking, higher seat wear, as well as difficulties in positive sealing at low pressures.
要知道，其对于压力闭合，阀座高磨损和在低压情况下的不同正面密封比较敏感。
- Contact the KVT for specific design solutions.特殊设计要求请联系KVT。

3-WAY CENTER-CAVITY AUTOMATIC BALANCER三通式中心槽自动均压器
（注：以下LP为低压，HP为高压）
We offer a self-actuating pressure-relief device, connected to the body cavity and the inlet/outlet of the valve.我们提供连接到阀体槽和阀门出入口的自动泄压设备
Description of Operation,操作方式
Port A is connected to one valve pipe side.出口A与阀门一侧管道连接
Port B is connected to the body centre cavity.出口B与阀体中心槽连接
Port C is connected to the other valve pipe side.出口C与阀门另一侧管道连接
High Pressure on the “A” Port Side: (Figure 14)出口A侧的高压
- The shuttle is pushed to seat on the LP side.梭子被推向LP面阀座
- The pressure is then equalized between the HP side “A” and the body cavity “B”.
在高压A面和阀体槽B间的压力随后平衡
High Pressure on “B” Port (Body Cavity):出口B侧高压
- The pressure will escape to “A” port, preventing overpressure build-up in the body cavity.
- 压力会到A出口，阻止过大压力在阀体槽内产生
Reverse Pressure: (Figure 15)反向压力（图15）
- The shuttle is pushed to seat on the Low Pressure side.梭子被推向低压面阀座
- The pressure is then equalized between the High Pressure side “C” and the body cavity “B”.
在高压C面和阀体槽B间的压力随后平衡

High Pressure on “B” port (Body Cavity): 出口B侧高压
- The pressure will escape to the “C” port, preventing overpressure build-up in the body cavity.
压力会到C出口，阻止过大压力在阀体槽内产生

Bypasses-MSS SP 45 Series A 旁路-MSS SP45 A系列
Bypasses are used in steam service for warming up before the main line is opened and for balancing pressure where the lines are of limited volume. Bypasses are attached at the side of the main valve with the steam of both valves parallel, pointing vertically upward as shown below.
旁路阀用在蒸汽操作中，用于在主管道开启前对其进行预热以及管道数量有限时平衡压力。旁路阀与双平行阀的蒸汽，如下所示的立式标记一起附着在主阀的侧面。：
When other Bypass configuration are required, a sketch or drawing must accompany the order.
当需要将其他旁路管结合时，需要按要求附加设计图。

P33
ELECTRIC ACTUATORS电子驱动装置
Electric Actuators电动驱动装置
In many applications, operation of valves may require the use of electric, pneumatic or hydraulic actuators. Such applications include those where the valve (1) is too large or has too high a differential shut-off pressure for manual operation; (2) is not accessible for manual operation; (3)
is part of a system requiring simultaneous opera-tion of many valves; (4) must be triggered from a remote location, as is often essential for emergency shut-off in hazardous areas.
.在许多设备中，阀门的操作可能会需要电动，气动或者液压驱动装置。这些设备中的阀门为以下状况：1. 断流压差太高/太大不能进行手工操作。2.不可进行手工操作。3.作为系统的一部分而要求同时操作多个阀门。4.必须从远程激发，就像在危险地区必须进行紧急切断一样。
We will gladly furnish any type or make of actuator you specify, or make recommen-dations for your particular service condi-tions. All Pacific gate, globe and non-return valves can be supplied with electric, air, gas or hydraulic driven motor actuators or cylinder actuators.
我们非常荣幸能够生产制造任何您所要求的驱动装置，或者生产您推荐的特殊调节阀。所有太平洋闸，截止和不可回收阀门都提供电动，空气，燃气或液压驱动装置或者气缸驱动装置
Motor Actuators动力驱动装置
Motor actuators for rising stem valves can be powered by air, gas, hydraulic or electric power. The most common method of actuation is the electric motor actuator, as it is generally the most cost effective.
用于提升阀杆的动力驱动装置可以用空气，燃气，液压及电动驱动。因电动驱动为最有效的，所以其成为最普遍使用的驱动装置。
Electric motor actuated vaIves can be provided to meet the broadest range of requirements including operating cycle time, use of integral or remote controls, starters and indicators, and a wide range of power sources. They are less readily adaptable to fail-safe operation than cylinder actuators because they generally require more stored energy. .
电动驱动阀可以满足最普遍的要求，包括操作的循环时间，整合与远程控制，发动装置，指示器及大范围动力资源的使用。电动驱动不如汽缸驱动能适应故障保护操作，因为其需要更多的补给。
Air motor actuators are often specified in very hazardous locations where electric power is not available or permitted. The major disadvantage of this type of actuator is air consumption, particularly when applied to large valves. The combination of high gear ratio and long stroke can drain an entire air system unless the air supply system is specially designed to accommodate this type of actuator. Like electric motor actuators, these are not readily adaptable for a fail-safe mode.
空气动力驱动经常用在电动驱动装置不能或者不容许的危险地点。该驱动装置的主要缺点就是空气的消耗，特别是在使用大型阀门时。高传动比和长冲的结合可以排出整个系统空气，除非空气供应系统为适应这一类型驱动而进行特殊设计。同电动动力装置一样不容易适应故障保护模式。
Information Required to Quote Motor Actuators引用动力驱动装置的信息要求
1. Valve size, figure number or description.阀门尺寸，数值及描述
2. Valve operating conditions (pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid).
阀门操作条件（压强，温度，流率和液体）
3. Maximum differential (shut-off) pressure.最大压差（关闭时）
4. Primary power supply:提供初动能
a) electric-voltage, phase cycles,电压，相循环
b) gas or hydraulic-fluid, available flow rate, maximum and minimum pressure.
气体或液体，适当流率，最大及最小压力
5. Control voltage.调节电压
6. Valve stem position.阀杆位置
7. Closing time and frequency.关闭时间及频率
8. Required construction (NEMA, etc.) or local environment.
要求建筑（NEMA等）及地理位置
9. Auxiliary equipment:辅助设备
a) push-button stations,按钮操作站
b) reversing controllers,反调节器
c) position indicators,位置指示器
d) other (i.e., stem covers, etc.)其他（如，阀杆罩等）
10. Special requirements (i.e., radiation, seismic, etc.)其他要求（如：辐射，地震等）
11. Preference for specific manufacturer, if any.对专业制造商有优惠
篇
PNEUMATIC PISTON ACTUATORS
液动活塞驱动装置
◆ Air Supply 气体供应: 4bar ~ 10bar
◆ Spring Range弹簧范围 : available application适合设备
◆ Temperature 温度: -20℃~120℃
◆ Material材料 : Cylinder - BLACK AMALGA气缸-黑汞合金
Cover - Carbon Steel套-碳钢
Piston - Al. Alloy活塞-铝合金
Stem- STS410(Ni-Plating)阀杆（镍板）
◆ Model型号 : P200 Series系列
◆ Cylinder Diameter Range 汽缸直径范围: Φ160 ~ Φ600
◆ PT : 1/4" ~ 1"
◆ TYPE : Reverse Acting with bevel Gear, Direct Acting, Direct Acting with Handwheel, Double Acting, Tandem Piston, Reverse Acting, Reverse Acting with Handwheel.
反向作用倾斜齿轮，直接作用，直接作用手轮，双作用，串联活塞，反向作用手轮
Information Required to Quote Cylinder引用气缸信息要求
1. Valve size, figure number or description.阀门尺寸，图形数值及描述
2. Operating conditions (pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid).
操作条件（压强，温度，流率，液流）
3. Maximum differential (shut-off) pressure.最大压差（关闭时）
4. Primary power supply-air or hydraulic-available maximum and minimum pressure and source.空气供应初动能，或最大及最低可用液压，能源。
5. Failure mode (open, closed, as is?).故障类型（开启，关闭）
6. Control voltage and enclosure designations (NEMA, etc.).
电压调节及封闭指示（NEMA等）
7. Auxiliary equipment:辅助设备
a) limit switches,限位开关
b) solenoids,螺线管
c) positioners,定位器，反馈装置？？
d) manual over-rides.人工？？
8. Valve orientation.阀门定向
9. Preference for specific manufacturer, if any.对专业制造商有优惠